Diseño de órtesis de miembro inferior para personas con problemas de dorsiflexión

Abstract

3% of the Colombian population (1'404,108) has mobility problems due to a common factor of different diseases that influence their life from sociocultural and personal development aspects that has as a consequence, loss of freedom and autonomy, affectation in their mental health and deterioration in the quality of life. Of this 3%, 58% of the registered people are over 50 years of age and 30% are adults between 20 and 49 years old, for this project the specificity is at the level of functional independence, since we can have a case study of a 23-year-old young man who has a dorsiflexion problem but is totally linked to special care and needs a caregiver in its entirety, but we can have another case of an adult older than 51 years who has a high level of independence and requires the support brace for daily walks or daily activity. From the statistical result carried out in 2008 by DANE, it is defined that these mobility problems mainly influence the actions of running and jumping, generally encountering barriers or difficulties with small movements such as climbing a step in public spaces, streets, platforms, parks, etc.The problem has a common factor that occurs in accidents or general illnesses. This common factor is the difficulty in the dorsiflexion movement that translates into the ability to lift the tip of the foot towards the tibia, this is found in patients with sequelae of CVA (cerebrovascular accidents), patients with hereditary diseases such as CMT ( Charcot-Marie-Tooth), multiple sclerosis, or common peroneal nerve injuries. Depending on the severity of the illness or accident, the problem varies in physical or mental aspects that can make the patient dependent on prolonged rehabilitation. In relation to the above, the WHO in 2016 considered and published a list of 50 priority support products that included lower limb orthoses based on the degree of need and benefits they provide to users, in which An increase in demand for all products is expected, since only 10% of the people who need it have these aids, a percentage that tends to increase due to specific factors such as the general lack of knowledge, the number of trained personnel on the subject, insufficient financing due to high costs of some products and their limited availability. Despite the efforts made by the state and the different health entities, the issue falls on the availability of products for this pathology, the necessary adaptation and the little study of causes and consequences that current products bring to their users. The adaptability of current Orthoses is not adequate, in a study of references (annex #) it is evident that in Colombia the ankle-foot orthoses that are manufactured in some establishments do not have a quality study process, which in Sometimes due to improper manufacture generates superficial lesions on the skin, which, added to low-quality materials used with the aim of reducing costs, make an essential device a critical consequence for users since the Orthosis does not fulfill its support function and on the contrary it generates difficulties in the rehabilitation process.