Manejo de impactos ambientales generados por las granjas de pollo de engorde en Colombia

Abstract

The search for and control measures of impacts and environmental aspects from the Colombian poultry sector, more specifically the broiler process, which are mainly due to the generation of organic waste, hazardous waste, dumping, among other environmental factors, determined through environmental impact assessment matrices such as the Leopold or Vicente Conesa matrix, having highly segmented criteria for each of these. And this through this monograph wants to determine which are the most optimal control measures for the environmental impacts already mentioned, which are generic for the poultry sector, being achieved through a bibliographic review, where a series of articles and documents were verified that represented studies and real applications of good environmental practices that are carried out in the poultry fields of various countries in Europe, Africa, America and Asia. Selecting those that best present an alignment to the proposed research criteria. An index is presented showing which countries had a greater influence on said bibliographic review, resulting in a selection of 49 articles out of a total of 67 that were reviewed; however, the files that were discarded were highly relevant when addressing issues of investigation for the finding of optimal measures, for the evaluation of environmental impact, waste management and discharges. For the management of organic waste, composting measures were determined that sought stabilization and regulation of pollutants, turning this environmental aspect into a clearly marketable fertilizer for the agricultural sector. For the management of hazardous waste, a post-consumer program issued by the management company Colecta S.A.S. and from which I provide information on how this management process is done. For the management of dumping, the generation of activated carbon from the feathers from a poultry slaughter plant is presented. On the other hand, a treatment system through membranes is also shown, such as: nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis.