Cambios acomodativos en usuarios de pantallas electrónicas: revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

People today use more and more electronic screens, however, alterations in the accommodative system have been evidenced, and its prevalence is directly proportional to the number of hours spent in front of screens. Objective: To describe the accommodative changes in the user of electronic screens described in the scientific literature. Materials and methods: A systematic review of information published after 2000 was carried out with the keywords; Distance Accommodation, Ocular; Ocular Distance Accommodations, Display Terminal, Video; Display Terminals, Video.The search was carried out in the databases of: American Academy of Optometry, Pubmed, Dialnet, among others. Publications that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and the results were synthesized. Results: The selected documents reported information on a total of 401 patients between men and women. Finding that the greatest difference between the reported and expected amplitude of accommodation did not exceed 1.00 D. The difficulty of accommodating and relaxing (inflexibility) was found altered between 80.64% and 52.2%. Regarding the Lag of accommodation, studies assumed a Lag greater than the normal value indicating a certain significant degree of hypo-accommodation. Conclusions: The main accommodative change in users of electronic screens was in accommodation flexibility, mainly related to excess accommodation excess accommodation (difficulty to relax accommodation), and accommodation inflexibility (difficulty both to activate and relax accommodation).