Revisión narrativa: prevalencia, severidad de caries de infancia temprana y su relación con el estilo de vida

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC) is the presence of one or more decayed teeth (cavitated or uncavitated), absent (due to caries), or restored in the primary dentition, in preschool children, that is to say, between birth and 71 months of age. Any sign of caries on smooth surfaces in children under the age of three, indicates a dental caries in primary teeth. Objective: To realize a literature review of the prevalence, severity, and lifestylerelated nature of early childhood caries in the years 2015 to 2020. Materials and methods: It was realized through a subjective investigation based on the variables that were found in scientific magazine articles between the years 2015 to 2020; taking into consideration the prevalence, severity and life style with respect to early childhood caries. Results: It was evidenced that the average age in terms of prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth. was between 3 and 6 years old; in 3 year olds it was approximately 50.8% and in 5 year olds it was 87.3%. Approximately 63% of school children between the ages of 2 and 6 had at least one tooth with signs of either cavitated or non-cavitated caries. Concerning the demographic location, it was observed that infants in rural areas have a caries prevalence of 70%, compared to 45% in urban areas. The prevalence of caries in overweight children was 95%, compared to underweight children, and growth retardation. Conclusion: The saccharolytic diet, prolonged breastfeeding and poor oral hygiene are the main risk factors associated with early childhood caries.