Análisis de falla de los cilindros hidráulicos de una canasta auto descargable

Abstract

Within the economic sectors of the country, the sugar industry stands out, which within its activities incorporates a number of equipment for its sowing, harvesting and processing processes. Self-unloading wagons are part of the harvest and play a very important role, since they are in charge of transporting the harvested cane from the crops to the sugarcane trains. In a sugar mill there have been constant failures in the self-unloading baskets (buckling in hydraulic cylinders), reducing the productive capacity. Within a year, 70 cylinders were changed at a cost of approximately 130 million. For this reason, in this work an analysis of the working conditions was carried out, in search of the factors that produce the failure. For this, a study of current working conditions was carried out that allowed us to calculate the displacement of the center of mass and its change, based on simulations carried out in SolidWorks according to the displacement of the cylinder, a calculation of the forces to which the elements are subjected. hydraulic cylinders in conjunction to load capacity at that displacement degree. This made it possible to identify that the cylinder and the material in which they are designed are suitable for the system, but temporary loading conditions are being generated. After the analyzes carried out on the cylinder, it was decided to carry out a root cause analysis, in search of showing what external conditions are causing the failure. The result is that there are structural problems that are changing the operating conditions of the cylinders, for this reason the decision is made to design a predictive maintenance plan to show failures before they trigger the deformation of the cylinders.