Maloclusiones dentales asociadas a pérdida prematura dental y hábitos orales en niños(a) de 5 a 10 años. Revisión sistemática de la literatura 2013-2020.

Abstract

Introduction. According to the World Health Organization (OMS), malocclusions rank third in the prevalence of oral diseases after caries and periodontal disease. (Suami González Rodríguez, 2017) Classified as alterations produced by external factors such as premature losses and oral habits during craniofacial growth that carry with them, multiple consequences associated with the development. Dental malocclusion is related to the presence of premature losses because the temporary tooth keeps a space in the arch and has different physiological functions; when this balance is lost, positional changes will occur in a short time, bringing with it consequences in the orofacial development. Oral habits are an unquestionable cause of dental malocclusions since they intervene in the normal development of the alveolar processes, stimulating or redirecting the growth in certain structures. Objective. To associate dental malocclusions with premature teeth loss and oral habits in children between 5 to 10 years old. Systematic review of the literature. 2013-2020. Method. Systematic review of the literature, through a qualitative documentary analysis in studies done during the period 2013-2020, using relevant data on dental malocclusions associated with oral habits and premature loss. Results. The most common malocclusion was Angle class I in permanent teeth with a percentage of 73.2 %, followed by class III with 17 % and class II with 9.8 %. In the temporary dentition straight terminal plane was 83.9%, followed by malocclusions of the vertical plane as open bite and deep bite. Conclusions. It was identified that dental premature losses and oral habits have a close relationship with malocclusions in the age range of 5 to 10 years, matching with the results, which conclude that the presence of parafunctional oral habits and dental premature losses develop several types of dental malocclusion in children, compromising the correct growth and craniofacial development.