Factores etiológicos medioambientales relacionados con el labio fisurado y paladar hendido no sindrómico: revisión sistemática de la literatura

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate constitute congenital structural deficiencies due to the lack of union between some embryonic facial processes in formation. This is a very frequent oral and maxillary malformation, since according to the WHO, 1.5 out of every 1000 newborns present one of these anomalies. Embryologically, the lip and palate are formed independently in the fetus. Objective: To carry out a systematic review to determine the etiological factors that lead to the appearance of cleft lip and palate during gestation, by means of a systematic review of articles published between 2010 and 2020.Materials and Methods: This is a systematic review research, since the research articles to be analyzed in the systematic review are the result of quantitative research. Results: The etiology of this anomaly is multifactorial and genetic and environmental factors play a very important role. Conclusions: Breast milk offered during lactation contains micronutrients responsible for the growth and development of the child, which can help prevent the formation of cleft lip; however, the factors associated with economic strata are related to the fact that low strata have problems of access to health systems; the intake of tobacco and alcohol can contribute to the formation of LL Y PH.