Genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos en islas de recursos de un ambiente semiárido del Caribe Colombiano.

Abstract

The phylum Actinobacteria is of great importance for its capacity for biosynthesis and resistance of antimicrobial compounds and dominance in soil microbiomes. It is considered that unexplored and extreme environments such as resource islands in arid and semi-arid zones of the tropics can be a source of a great diversity of Actinobacteria and therefore of potential compounds of biotechnological interest. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of seasonality and the presence of vegetation on the abundance of actinobacteria and genes associated with the synthesis and resistance of antimicrobial compounds associated with three resource islands in a semiarid region of the Colombian Caribbean. For this purpose, three nurse trees Prosopis juliflora, Haematoxylum brasiletto and Pithecellobium dulce were sampled under canopy (V), bare soil (C) both in wet (W) and dry season (D). Total DNA was extracted and sequenced. From the sequences, 16 orders, 28 families and 52 genera of actinobacteria with higher abundances in CD were detected. In addition, 16 antimicrobial compound biosynthesis pathways were detected, of which the synthesis pathways of monobactam antibiotics, prodigiosin and streptomycin were the most abundant. These pathways showed higher abundances in DV. Ten antibiotic resistance pathways were detected including the highest abundances for rifamycin in CD and streptogramins (MLS) in VW. It was observed that the diversity and abundance of actinobacterial biosynthesis and resistance genes were influenced by seasonality and the presence of vegetation in the resource islands.