Análisis retrospectivo de las principales patologías de origen infeccioso que afectan a los terneros en la ganadería colombiana durante el periodo comprendido entre el 2009 y 2019

Abstract

According to the Colombian Federation of Cattle Raisers (FEDEGAN) the agricultural sector contributes 6% of the national GDP, generating 6% of employment at the national level and 19% of agricultural employment in the country (FEDEGAN, 2017). Based on the above, livestock represents an important part of the country's economic and social development (Vallejo 2021). The Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) is the entity in charge of promoting Good Farming Practices (BPG) in the country. These involve monitoring animal welfare and the sanitation plan, which pays special attention to calf care. A calf that is well cared for from birth will be more resistant to diseases, guaranteeing a high percentage of its development and growth, which translates into productivity and profitability. In spite of the above, infectious diseases are common in calves and represent enormous economic losses to the livestock industries, as a result of mortality and treatment costs. (Baquero-Parrado 2008). In this work, important aspects of the main infectious pathologies in calves are covered: their etiology, clinical signs and the most used diagnostic methods in the country, as well as information regarding the most frequently occurring diseases. On the other hand, different epidemiological studies found and reports of disease cases that indicate the prevalence of these pathologies during a time interval between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed.