Análisis cualitativo de literatura sobre las técnicas de biorremediación de suelos por hidrocarburos y contaminantes orgánicos persistentes empleando el hongo Trichoderma sp.

Abstract

Hydrocarbons are a xenobiotic and persistent pollutant in the soil due to their low solubility in water as well as their stable polycondensed structure. These organic pollutants are derived from the burning of fossil fuels and waste from industrial activities, as well as pesticides that are also persistent organic pollutants in soils and water but generated by activities of agricultural origin. Due to the presence of these pollutants, bioremediation arises as an alternative for the degradation of these substances into simpler compounds. The objective of the research is to determine the most promising techniques for the use of the Trichoderma fungus, used in bioremediation though a literature review of research articles, in order to guide new studies on the subject. The database used for the collection of information was Scopus. Within the review, relevant aspects were found such as the species most used for bioremediation, the most frequented culture medium as well as the potential for degradation, its enzymatic activity and the medium of the different techniques of this process.