Problemas de aprendizaje que inciden en el desarrollo de la competencia lectora en los escolares de la educación básica: Revisión documental

Abstract

In this research work, a documentary review is carried out, framed within educational research, and its objective is to analyze the documentation about the incidence of learning problems in the development of reading competence in boys and girls of the first years of schooling. To achieve the stated purpose, a qualitative and documentary approach is established; For which, a total of 50 research papers between thesis and article published in indexed journals are reviewed for the selection of 30 of them, attending to some inclusion criteria for analysis in the present research work. In the final part, the analysis of the findings of the different authors is carried out, chronologically grouped into four periods: 2005-2010, 2011-2015, 2016-2017 and 2018-2020; where, various incident factors are identified that respond mainly to three groups of difficulties: specific difficulties (school skills), cognitive factors and difficulties derived from the socio-educational, economic and cultural environment. Among which are mentioned the character, size and social composition of the school; the socioeconomic index and the profession of the father and mother; educational in nature, such is the case of poor teacher preparation, rigid teaching methods and the use of pedagogical strategies; referred to attention deficit disorders and bullying among others.